GlyCosmos Portal

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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	September 11, 2024

Displaying entries **1101 - 1125** of **2607** in total

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GlyTouCan ID ▲	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G43553YK	Neu5Gc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1931.69	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43558RC	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2370.86	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43685DC	Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2491.88	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43702JT					Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Bacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis Catarrhini Chordata Chromadorea Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Ephydroidea Eremoneura Escherichia coli Escherichia Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Gammaproteobacteria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Lagomorpha Leporidae Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Moraxella bovis Moraxella Moraxellaceae Moraxellales Muridae Murinae Muroidea Muscomorpha Myomorpha Nematoda Neoptera Opisthokonta Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella Pasteurellaceae Pasteurellales Peloderinae Primates Protostomia Pseudomonadota Pterygota Rattus Rhabditida Rhabditidae Rhabditina Rhabditoidea Rhabditomorpha Rodentia Sarcopterygii Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G43788SW	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	545.2	Amniota Artiodactyla Bacteria Betaproteobacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli Escherichia Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Gammaproteobacteria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria Neisseriaceae Neisseriales Opisthokonta Primates Pseudomonadota Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43797QQ	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc-ol	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	3249.19	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43947VZ		N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1558.54	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G43953LS		Lewis x Lex N-Glycan core basic SSEA-1	Linkage defined saccharide	3374.21	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G43997BS	Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2281.85	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44030BX	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol	I' antigen Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	2169.79	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44043ZX	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	I' antigen N-Glycan complex	Linkage defined saccharide	3247.18	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44067HP	Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2955.09	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44167WJ	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex Sialyl Lewis x Slex	Linkage defined saccharide	2660.96	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44211QA			Base composition with linkage	2151.78	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G44215PV			Glycosidic topology	1932.71	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G44218WP	Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)[Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	3012.11	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44325XR	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc-ol	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2722.01	Amniota Artverviricota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Equidae Equus caballus Equus Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Filoviridae Glires Gnathostomata Haploviricotina Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus Laurasiatheria Lentivirus Mammalia Marburgvirus Metazoa Monjiviricetes Mononegavirales Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Opisthokonta Ortervirales Orthoretrovirinae Orthornavirae Pararnavirae Perissodactyla Primate lentivirus group Rattus Retroviridae Revtraviricetes Riboviria Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms unclassified Primate lentivirus group
G44327JQ	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc-ol	N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2153.8	Amniota Articulavirales Artiodactyla Artverviricota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Caniformia Carnivora Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Equidae Equus caballus Equus Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Friend mink cell focus-forming virus Friend murine leukemia virus Gammaretrovirus Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus Insthoviricetes Laurasiatheria Lentivirus Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Murine leukemia virus Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Mustela lutreola Mustela Mustelidae Mustelinae Musteloidea Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Opisthokonta Ortervirales Orthomyxoviridae Orthoretrovirinae Orthornavirae Pararnavirae Perissodactyla Polyploviricotina Primate lentivirus group Primates Rattus Retroviridae Revtraviricetes Riboviria Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms unclassified Orthomyxoviridae unclassified Primate lentivirus group unidentified influenza virus
G44345UH	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(?1-		Linkage defined saccharide	471.16	Amniota Amphiesmenoptera Amphipyrinae Arthropoda Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ditrysia Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Glossata Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Heteroneura Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Laurasiatheria Lepidoptera Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Neolepidoptera Neoptera Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pecora Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44361OH	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	I' antigen N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	2733.97	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44364RM	Neu5Gc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Neu5Gc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Neu5Gc(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	3073.05	Amniota Artiodactyla Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44413JJ		N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1624.6	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44502UE	Neu5Ac(a2-?)Gal(?1-?)[Neu5Ac(a2-?)]GalNAc		Linkage defined saccharide	965.33	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44514JE	Neu5Ac(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-3)[Neu5Gc(?2-?)Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2384.84	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G44515AZ	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	I' antigen N-Glycan complex Polysialic acid Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	3755.33	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms