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Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

Summary

Organism

Homo sapiens (human)

Reactome

R-HSA-2162123

PubChem

R-HSA-2162123

Description

The bioactive prostaglandin (PG) signalling molecules, including PGA2, PGE2, PGF2a, and PGI2 (prostacyclin) are synthesised from arachidonate and its products by various prostaglandin synthase type enzymes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is the starting point for the synthesis of Thromboxanes (TXs) (Buczynski et al. 2009, Vance & Vance 2008). PGs and TXs are collectively known as the prostanoids.
Two enzymes, PTGS1 and 2 (COX1 and 2) both catalyze the two-step conversion of arachidonate to PGH2. PTGS1 is constitutively expressed in many cell types while PTGS2 is induced in response to stress and mediates the syntheses of prostaglandins associated with pain, fever, and inflammation. Aspirin irreversibly inactivates both enzymes (though it acts more efficiently on PTGS1), explaining both its antiinflammatory effects and side effects like perturbed gastic acid secretion. Drugs like celecoxib, by specifically inhibiting PTGS2, have a strong anti-inflammatory effect with fewer side effects. These PTGS2-specific drugs, however, probably because of their effects on the balance of prostaglandin synthesis in platelets and endothelial cells, can also promote blood clot formation (Buczynski et al. 2009; Stables & Gilroy 2011).

Click on a node on the pathway to see its details. Glycoproteins are marked with a glycoprotein icon in their name.

SPV: a JavaScript Signaling Pathway Visualizer, Bioinformatics, 2018

Displaying **all 5** entries
UniProt ID	Protein Name	Gene Symbol	Pathway Viewer
O60760	Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	GSTS HPGDS PGDS PTGDS2	view
P16152	Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	CBR CBR1 CRN SDR21C1	view
P23219	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	COX1 PTGS1	view
P35354	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	COX2 PTGS2	view
P41222	Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase	PDS PTGDS	view

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