GlyCosmos Portal

MilkOligoDB

This database has useful information related to milk oligosaccharides across 76 NCBI taxonomy IDs. Source data from MilkOligoDB.

Current Project Team: Thomas Masding, Emily Steliotes, Daniela Barile, Kiyoko Aoki-Kinoshita, Matthew Lange

Creation of a milk oligosaccharide database, MilkOligoDB, reveals common structural motifs and extensive diversity across mammals
Durham, S.D, et al.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 26;13(1):10345.doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36866-y
And the following database:MilkOligoDB

Source	Last Updated
MilkOligoDB	January 19, 2026

Displaying entries **1 - 25** of **543** in total

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GlyTouCan ID	IUPAC Condensed	Fucosylated	Acidic or Neutral	Core type	Organisms	Literature Sources
G43745JV	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 1	Homo sapiens Ursus americanus	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Annotation and Structural Analysis of Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2011 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018 Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milks of the American black bear (Ursus americanus americanus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), 2019
G44008HZ	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Homo sapiens Felis catus	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2010 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018 High-throughput glycomic analyses reveal unique oligosaccharide profiles of canine and feline milk samples, 2020
G47863IJ	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G52337IZ	Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G52428JX	Neu5Ac4Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 2	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	4-O-Acetyl-sialic acid (Neu4,5Ac2) in acidic milk oligosaccharides of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and its evolutionary significance, 2015
G62494VF	Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G63521CI	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G77548DK	Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Neu5Ac4Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 2	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	4-O-Acetyl-sialic acid (Neu4,5Ac2) in acidic milk oligosaccharides of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and its evolutionary significance, 2015
G78011LC	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G78929WE	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G79449CY	Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens Capra aegagrus Panthera leo leo	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Increasing the Coverage of a Mass Spectral Library of Milk Oligosaccharides Using a Hybrid-Search-Based Bootstrapping Method and Milks from a Wide Variety of Mammals, 2020 Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2010 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018 Comparison of milk oligosaccharides between goats with and without the genetic ability to synthesize αs1-casein, 2013
G79868UA	Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G61752HI	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Annotation and Structural Analysis of Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2011 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G64021SI	Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G71956IS	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G93297KA	Neu5Ac4Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 2	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	4-O-Acetyl-sialic acid (Neu4,5Ac2) in acidic milk oligosaccharides of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and its evolutionary significance, 2015
G14994VQ	Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2010 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G15203IQ	Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G15403NH	Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Ursus maritimus Ursus arctos Ursus thibetanus japonicus	Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus, 2000 Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the brown bear, Ursus arctos yesoensis, 1997 Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the Japanese black bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus, 1999
G15640PW	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G16882OK	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2010
G17491OC	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Homo sapiens	Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018
G17940ZL	Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)[Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-6)]Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 2	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Structures of the oligosaccharides isolated from milk of the platypus, 1985
G19152KQ	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc	Yes	Acidic	Core type 2	Homo sapiens Macaca mulatta Pan troglodytes	Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Annotation and Structural Analysis of Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2011 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018 Evolutionary Glycomics: Characterization of Milk Oligosaccharides in Primates, 2011
G21067JW	Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc	Yes	Neutral	Core type 1	Daubentonia madagascariensis Homo sapiens Sus scrofa domesticus Macaca mulatta Felis catus	Structural characterization of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in the milks of strepsirrhine primates: greater galago, aye-aye, Coquerel’s sifaka and mongoose lemur, 2012 Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS), 2015 Development of an Annotated Library of Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2010 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Essential Tools for Basic and Application Studies on Galectins, 2018 Milk Oligosaccharide Variation in Sow Milk and Milk Oligosaccharide Fermentation in Piglet Intestine, 2016 Evolutionary Glycomics: Characterization of Milk Oligosaccharides in Primates, 2011 High-throughput glycomic analyses reveal unique oligosaccharide profiles of canine and feline milk samples, 2020