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Uptake and function of diphtheria toxin

Summary

Organism

Homo sapiens (human)

Reactome

R-HSA-5336415

PubChem

R-HSA-5336415

Description

Diphtheria is a serious, often fatal human disease associated with damage to many tissues. Bacteria in infected individuals, however, are typically confined to the lining of the throat or to a skin lesion; systemic effects are due to the secretion of an exotoxin encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage. The toxin is encoded as a single polypeptide but is cleaved by host furin-like proteases to yield an aminoterminal fragment A and a carboxyterminal fragment B, linked by a disulfide bond. Toxin cleavage can occur when it first contacts the target cell surface, as annotated here, or as late as the point at which fragment A is released into the cytosol. Fragment B mediates toxin uptake into target cell endocytic vesicles, where acidification promotes a conformational change enabling fragment B to form a channel in the vesicle membrane through which fragment A is extruded into the target cell cytosol. Cleavage of the inter-fragment disulfide bond frees DT fragment A, which catalyzes ADP ribosylation of the translation elongation factor 2 (EEF2) in a target cell, thereby blocking protein synthesis. Neither fragment is toxic to human cells by itself (Collier 1975; Pappenheim 1977; Murphy 2011).

Click on a node on the pathway to see its details. Glycoproteins are marked with a glycoprotein icon in their name.

SPV: a JavaScript Signaling Pathway Visualizer, Bioinformatics, 2018

Displaying **all 5** entries
UniProt ID	Protein Name	Gene Symbol	Pathway Viewer
P07900	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	HSP90A HSP90AA1 HSPC1 HSPCA	view
P08238	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	HSP90AB1 HSP90B HSPC2 HSPC3 HSPCB	view
P13639	Elongation factor 2	EEF2 EF2	view
P21926	CD9 antigen	CD9 GIG2 MIC3 TSPAN29	view
Q99075	Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	DTR DTS HBEGF HEGFL	view

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