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Formation of the anterior neural plate
Summary
- Organism
- Homo sapiens (human)
- Reactome
- R-HSA-9823739
- PubChem
- R-HSA-9823739
- Description
-
- The neural plate is a thickened layer of cells on the dorsal surface of the gastrula rostral to the node and primitive streak. As development proceeds, the neural plate folds to form a tube that will generate the brain and spinal cord (reviewed in Massarwa et al. 2013). Failure to completely form a neural tube causes neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which are the most common birth anomaly of the central nervous system (reviewed in Lee and Gleeson 2020). Though a single structure, the neural plate actually contains two regions formed from different progenitors and regulated by distinct gene expression programs: the anterior neural plate (ANP) gives rise to the forebrain and midbrain (reviewed in Wilson and Houart 2004, Kondoh et al. 2016) and the posterior neural plate (PNP) gives rise to the hindbrain and anterior part of the spinal cord (reviewed in Kondoh et al. 2016).
The ANP arises directly from the epiblast, requires inhibition of BMP signaling by secreted inhibitors from the anterior visceral endoderm (reviwed in Andoniadou and Martinez-Barbera 2013), and expresses SOX2 driven by OTX2, ZIC2, and POU5F1/POU3F1 bound to the N2 enhancer upstream of the SOX2 gene (inferred from mouse homologs in Iwafuchi-Doi et al. 2012). The posterior part of the PNP arises from neuromesodermal cells that express SOX2 driven by WNT and FGF acting through the N1 enhancer downstream of the SOX2 gene (inferred from mouse homologs in Takemoto et al. 2006).
Both the ANP and PNP express ZEB2 and SOX1, however the ANP is characterized by high OTX2 expression (Simeone et al. 1992), while the anterior PNP expresses higher levels of GBX2 (inferred from mouse homologs in Simeone et al. 1992). The boundary between the ANP and the PNP is partly determined by a mutual antagonism between OTX2 and GBX2. OTX2 from the ANP represses expression of GBX2 and GBX2 from the PNP represses expression of OTX2 (inferred from mouse homologs in Wassarman et al. 1997, Martinez‑Barbera et al. 2001, Li et al. 2001).
- The neural plate is a thickened layer of cells on the dorsal surface of the gastrula rostral to the node and primitive streak. As development proceeds, the neural plate folds to form a tube that will generate the brain and spinal cord (reviewed in Massarwa et al. 2013). Failure to completely form a neural tube causes neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which are the most common birth anomaly of the central nervous system (reviewed in Lee and Gleeson 2020). Though a single structure, the neural plate actually contains two regions formed from different progenitors and regulated by distinct gene expression programs: the anterior neural plate (ANP) gives rise to the forebrain and midbrain (reviewed in Wilson and Houart 2004, Kondoh et al. 2016) and the posterior neural plate (PNP) gives rise to the hindbrain and anterior part of the spinal cord (reviewed in Kondoh et al. 2016).
Click on a node on the pathway to see its details. Glycoproteins are marked with a glycoprotein icon in their name.
| UniProt ID | Protein Name | Gene Symbol | Pathway Viewer |
|---|---|---|---|
| P32243 | Homeobox protein OTX2 |
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| P48431 | Transcription factor SOX-2 |
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| Q01860 | POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 |
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| Q96K83 | Zinc finger protein 521 |
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